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Demi Lovato announced that she is “California sober.”
“California sober” is an approach to recovery that includes drinking alcohol and smoking cannabis in moderation.
While this approach is controversial, experts say that some people are able to manage their drug use through harm reduction strategies such as this one, rather than maintaining a completely sober lifestyle.
However, this approach is not advised for people who have addictive substance use patterns.
In July 2018, singer Demi Lovato had a near-fatal overdose from heroin laced with fentanyl.
During a recent interview on “CBS Sunday Morning,” Lovato said she’s now “California sober,” which means she drinks alcohol and consumes cannabis in moderation.
In the interview, Lovato said she doesn’t believe her approach is the safest for everyone and is cautious about explaining it in detail.
We asked a few experts to share their thoughts on the “California sober” approach for people who have substance use disorders.
Here’s what they had to say.
Harm reduction has a place for some
Vanessa Kennedy, PhD, director of psychology at Driftwood Recovery, said complete abstinence from mind-altering substances that have the potential for addiction is the definition of “sobriety.”
However, she added that an alternative philosophy that Demi Lovato and others might ascribe to is called “harm reduction.”
In harm reduction, a person uses strategies to manage their substance use and reduce the negative or life threatening effects from drugs and alcohol.
“The term ‘California sober,’ i.e., using drugs perceived to be less life threatening than ‘harder’ drugs that could lead to overdose and death, seems to fit under the harm reduction umbrella,” Kennedy told Healthline.
While the approach is controversial, Kennedy said that some people are able to manage their drug use through harm reduction strategies.
Still, others can’t, especially people with addictive substance use patterns.
“Individuals with addiction difficulties usually find themselves unable to manage their substance use either because they are not able to ‘put the brakes on’ when using or because they have life-altering consequences from their use (e.g., overdose, medical problems, worsening mental health problems such as suicide attempts, relationship conflict, job loss, legal problems), hence the need to quit altogether,” she said.
Ernesto Lira de la Rosa, PhD, clinical psychologist and media adviser for the Hope for Depression Research Foundation, said that while treatments for substance misuse have historically been categorized into a one-size-fits-all approach — aka abstinence — other approaches, such as harm reduction, can be considered.
He describes harm reduction as a series of strategies, programming, and approaches with the goal of reducing substance use and the negative effects of substances, while allowing people to practice stable moderation or work toward abstinence.
Lira de la Rosa said that people need an approach that accounts for their own identities, medical history, mental health as well as goals for reducing or cutting back their substance use.
“For some, harm reduction can be one of the steps towards abstinence…[and] can be critical to ensuring that we are taking into account the complex and multifaceted phenomena of substance use,” Lira de la Rosa told Healthline.
Joseph R. Volpicelli, MD, PhD, founder and medical director of the Volpicelli Center and executive director of the Institute of Addiction Medicine, said he asks his patients to consider how stable they are in their recovery from other drugs before using alcohol or smoking cannabis.
